https://www.progearhealth.com/
https://bluemed.ca/
https://www.primed.ca/
https://www.defend.com/
https://www.tians.com/
https://www.dolphinproducts.com/
https://www.conney.com/product/3m-1820-fluid-resistant-surgical-masks-pleated-with-earloop-strap-50-box
https://products.halyardhealth.com/infection-prevention/facial-respiratory-protection/masks-respirators/halyard-aqua-level-3-anti-fog-procedure-mask-with-earloops.html
https://preceptmed.com/
https://www.medline.eu/uk/type-ii-procedural-facemask
N95
https://www.safetycompany.com/
Others
https://www.safetytoday.com/advancedwebpage.aspx?p=
細菌過濾率 BFE
微粒子過濾率 PFE
病毒過濾率 VFE
Amazon 出售的口罩，則多以美國材料和試驗協會 ASTM F2100-11 認證標示。當中需進行細菌過濾率 BFE、微粒子過濾率 PFE、液體阻擋能力 Fluid Resistance 等方面的測試，並分為 Level 1、Level 2 及 Level 3 3 個級別。如達 ASTM F2100-11 Level 1 標準的話，那麼以上項目數據都會超過 95% 方為合格，而達 ASTM F2100-11 Level 2 及 ASTM F2100-11 Level 3 的話，以上項目數據則必超過 98%。基本上一般用家選購使用的話，達到 ASTM F2100-11 Level 1 標準的口罩都已足夠，但如想有更高防護性，也可購買 ASTM F2100-11 Level 2 或 ASTM F2100-11 Level 3 的產品。
Monday, February 3, 2020
Monday, November 4, 2019
Friday, August 23, 2019
My Library List
Political Philosophy
An introduction to political philosophy / Jonathan Wolff.
Development as Freedom / Amartya Sen
政治的道德: 從自由主義的觀點看 / 周保松
Political Philosophy : A Very Short Introduction / David Miller
The Moral Foundations of Politics / Ian Shapiro
Contemporary Political / Will Kymlicka
Political Philosophy / Steven B.Smith
Law
香港人權法新論 / 羅敏威 - Google Book
Political Philosophy : A Very Short Introduction / David Miller
The Moral Foundations of Politics / Ian Shapiro
Contemporary Political / Will Kymlicka
Political Philosophy / Steven B.Smith
Law
香港人權法新論 / 羅敏威 - Google Book
Monday, August 19, 2019
法西斯
古羅馬「一般劃分為三個階段：羅馬王政、羅馬共和國、羅馬帝國。
公元前510年，羅馬人趕跑了前國王暴君，結束了羅馬王政時代，建立了羅馬共和國。
羅馬共和國採取三權分立的政治體系：執政官（王權）、元老院（貴族）、平民大會（公民）。
公元前510年，羅馬人趕跑了前國王暴君，結束了羅馬王政時代，建立了羅馬共和國。
羅馬共和國採取三權分立的政治體系：執政官（王權）、元老院（貴族）、平民大會（公民）。
執政官是由元老院從貴族中選舉出來的，一共兩名，權利平等，共同執政。
執政官一年一任，不得連任，沒有薪水。
但是遇到非常時期，設獨裁官代替兩執政官，任期僅為半年。
執政官作為全國最高榮譽長官，外出的時候，會有12名侍衛官跟隨着，這12個人每人肩上扛着一束笞棒，中間插着一把斧子，這東西被稱為fasces，音譯過來就是'法西斯'。
它其實是一種執行死刑的刑具。
比如說有人犯了重罪，執政官宣判用『法西斯』對他處以死刑，侍衛官就會從肩上解下這捆東西，先用棒子把犯人打個半死，然後拉他跪在地上，用斧子砍頭。
所以，這種象徵着最高暴力和最高權利的法西斯，成為古羅馬權力和威信的標誌。
因獨裁官外出會帶有24名侍衛官，法西斯也就相應的加倍，所以法西斯也有了 「個人服從集體，集體服從領袖」的獨裁意味。
Saturday, May 18, 2019
晶片
極紫外光刻（EUV光刻）
晶片製造難題更多的是在整個產業鏈上的困境，每一個環節都需要做到極致，才可以做到晶片突破，比如在掩膜製造方面。光刻機是將晶片電路圖案投射到光刻機上，但是晶片電路圖案的製造需要使用到光掩膜，這點對於我們來說，需要突破。
而薄膜沉積設備的製造方面，現在我們不是有所欠缺，而是差距很大，也是卡脖子的關鍵設備，在這方面，我們嚴重依賴國外設備製造商，其中就包括美國應用材料公司（AMAT），這個公司很多人都沒有聽說過，甚至是感覺和晶片扯不上半點關係。
但是真實的情況是：AMAT早在上世紀70年代就已經是世界上頂級的半導體企業了，而到了1992年的時候，更是成為了世界上最大的半導體公司，或許說起來半導體企業，大家會想到ASML、三星、台積電，但是，AMAT從成為世界上最大的半導體公司之後，還沒有哪家企業敢在這家企業面前嘚瑟一下。
不錯，AMAT在成為世界第一大半導體公司之後，一直都是半導體界的老大，27年的世界紀錄，無企業了可以匹敵！還記得去年被美國扼住咽喉的福建晉華嗎？以及近來被美國一招搞定的三安光電嗎？這兩家企業都是國內領先的半導體企業，結果瞬間被美國“捏住”
晶片製造難題更多的是在整個產業鏈上的困境，每一個環節都需要做到極致，才可以做到晶片突破，比如在掩膜製造方面。光刻機是將晶片電路圖案投射到光刻機上，但是晶片電路圖案的製造需要使用到光掩膜，這點對於我們來說，需要突破。
而薄膜沉積設備的製造方面，現在我們不是有所欠缺，而是差距很大，也是卡脖子的關鍵設備，在這方面，我們嚴重依賴國外設備製造商，其中就包括美國應用材料公司（AMAT），這個公司很多人都沒有聽說過，甚至是感覺和晶片扯不上半點關係。
但是真實的情況是：AMAT早在上世紀70年代就已經是世界上頂級的半導體企業了，而到了1992年的時候，更是成為了世界上最大的半導體公司，或許說起來半導體企業，大家會想到ASML、三星、台積電，但是，AMAT從成為世界上最大的半導體公司之後，還沒有哪家企業敢在這家企業面前嘚瑟一下。
不錯，AMAT在成為世界第一大半導體公司之後，一直都是半導體界的老大，27年的世界紀錄，無企業了可以匹敵！還記得去年被美國扼住咽喉的福建晉華嗎？以及近來被美國一招搞定的三安光電嗎？這兩家企業都是國內領先的半導體企業，結果瞬間被美國“捏住”
Saturday, May 11, 2019
Friday, September 21, 2018
US China Trade War 2018
2018/09/21
9/17/2018 US announces 10 percent tariff on $200 billion of Chinese exports effective September 24 until the end of 2018, to rise to 25 percent afterward. Smart watches and a few other items from the preliminary list are exempted.
Related HS code list:
https://drive.google.com/open?id=1cK1Lzi-zyitKIjF0FO2M7BPJ4RdsTDWV
9/6/2018 End of comment period for tariffs on $200 billion of Chinese exports. China’s retaliation might begin immediately after the US action.
8/23/2018 Tariffs on $16 billion of Chinese imports to begin. Chinese retaliation of tariffs on $16 billion of US exports to begin.
8/03/2018 China announces a list of $60 billion worth of US imports it plans to apply tariffs on should the Trump administration follow through with higher tariffs on $200 billion of Chinese goods.
8/02/2018 US Trade Representative confirms that President Trump is considering increasing proposed tariff on $200 billion of Chinese imports to 25 percent from 10 percent.
7/31/2018 China, US. reported to be trying to restart trade talks.
7/26/2018 Qualcomm Inc. decides to scrap a $44 billion takeover of NXP Semiconductors NV, because China didn’t sign off as time expired.
7/20/2018 Trump says he’s “ready to go” with tariffs on $500 billion of Chinese imports.
7/11/2018 The USTR releases a list of $200 billion of Chinese goods it plans to impose an extra 10 percent tariffs on.
7/6/2018 Tariffs on $34 billion of imports begin. Tariffs on $34 billion of imports begin.
Related HS code list:
https://drive.google.com/open?id=1HXO25iBK3e7agqgW8vjQGUGddpGveB3h
7/6/2018 Tariffs on $34 billion of imports begin. Tariffs on $34 billion of imports begin.
Related HS code list:
https://drive.google.com/open?id=1HXO25iBK3e7agqgW8vjQGUGddpGveB3h
7/6/2018 ZTE Corp. receives limited authorization to resume business.
7/3/2018 US computer chip company Micron Technology Inc. ordered to halt sales in China.
6/27/2018 Trump agrees to less aggressive option to limit Chinese investment in the US
6/21/2018 President Xi Jinping says China will hit back if struck, according to the Wall Street Journal, and criticizes US Secretary of State Mike Pompeo calling Chinese claims of economic openness “a joke.”
6/20/2018 White House releases report accusing China of threatening US interests.
6/19/2018 Trump says US looking to put tariffs on another $200 billion of Chinese exports, with another $200 billion after that if China retaliates.
6/18/2018 Pompeo calls Chinese claims of economic openness “a joke.”
6/15/2018 US announces tariffs on $50 billion of imports from China, with Trump threatening more if China retaliates. China responds in kind.
6/15/2018 Qualcomm Inc.’s takeover of NXP Semiconductors NV is said to be approved by Chinese regulators, although a later report contradicts this. 6/15/2018 Pompeo meets Xi, discussing trade and security.
6/7/2018 Commerce Secretary Wilbur Ross announces deal allowing ZTE to get back into business.
6/6/2018 China said to offer to buy $25 billion more of US goods in 2018.
6/3/2018 China says previous offers and deals are off if tariffs imposed.
6/2-4/2018 Wilbur Ross, Chinese Vice Premier Liu He meet in Beijing for talks.
5/30/2018 China announces cuts to tariffs on some consumer goods, to start July 1.
5/29/2018 US announces plan to limit some visas for Chinese citizens to protect intellectual property.
5/29/2018 US announces that it’s moving ahead with tariffs on $50 billion of imports and a plan to curb investment in sensitive technology.
5/29/2018 China said to be considering buying more US coal to narrow trade deficit.
5/28/2018 At the WTO, US accuses China of imposing laws that result in the theft of US tech and IP.
5/28/2018 China ready to approve Qualcomm/NXP deal if it gets assurances that the US will lift ban on ZTE Corp.
5/28/2018 US said to be pressing China to sign long-term import contracts.
5/25/2018 US announces a $1.3 billion fine and other punishments for ZTE, but will allow company to resume purchasing from American suppliers.
5/23/2018 Trump backs away from the previous day’s deal, saying US will “probably have to use a different structure.”
5/22/2018 China will cut import duties on cars to 15% from 25%.
5/22/2018 Two nations agree on the “broad outline” of a settlement for ZTE dispute, the WSJ reports. China offered to remove tariffs on US farm products as part of the deal.
5/21/2018 Trump tweets that China will buy “massive amounts of additional farm/agricultural products.”
5/20/2018 Both nations reach an agreement and issue a joint statement. The US agrees to hold off on tariffs. China offers to significantly increase purchases of US goods.
5/18/2018 China ends anti-dumping and anti-subsidy investigation into sorghum.
5/17/2018 Talks start in Washington.
5/14/2018 China is said to restart review of Qualcomm’s proposed NXP deal.
5/13/2018 Trump tweets that he’s working with Xi to get ZTE “back into business.”
5/10/2018 ZTE ceases major operations in the US 5/3-4/2018 Trade talks in Beijing. No agreement is reached, and no statement is released. US demands a $200 billion cut in trade deficit. China protests over ZTE case, demands end of 301 investigation.
4/28/2018 China objects to being on US intellectual property watch list.
4/27/2018 US keeps China on IP priority watch list of nations. 4/26/2018 Reported that China may cut car import tariffs by half.
4/26/2018 Reported that US looking into China’s Huawei Technologies Co. for possible violation of sanctions against Iran.
4/17/2018 China announces it will collect anti-dumping tariffs on sorghum imports from the US, a trade worth about $1 billion in 2017.
4/16/2018 US penalizes China’s ZTE for violating a previous agreement punishing it for doing business with Iran and North Korea. The company is banned from buying US technology for seven years.
4/10/2018 Xi promises to open up various sectors including autos and finance.
4/5/2018 Trump issues statement that says “in light of China’s unfair retaliation” for his initial tariffs, his administration will consider an addition $100 billion in tariffs.
4/5/2018 China complains to the World Trade Organization about US tariffs on steel and aluminum imports.
4/4/2018 US responds to China’s WTO complaint on the section 301 tariffs, calling it baseless.
4/4/2018 China complains to WTO about the section 301 tariff action by the US
4/4/2018 China says it will levy an additional 25 percent tariff on imports of 106 US products including soybeans, automobiles, chemicals and aircraft, in response to proposed American duties on its high-tech goods.
4/3/2018 The US releases a list dominated by high-tech industrial products as targets for proposed tariffs on $50 billion worth of imports. This is aimed at recouping losses from China’s alleged abuse of intellectual property.
4/2/2018 China says it will start levying tariffs on $3 billion of US imports including fresh fruits, nuts, wine and pork. Early April Liu He tells other officials that trade talks between the two parties broke down after the US demanded that China curtail support for high-technology industries. Beijing had offered to cut the bilateral trade deficit by $50 billion.
3/27/2018 US releases Section 301 report on China.
3/23/2018 China unveils tariffs on $3 billion of US imports in response to steel and aluminum tariffs .
3/23/2018 US complains to WTO about Chinese protection of IP.
3/22/2018 US proposes tariffs in response to China’s “unfair trade practices” related to technology transfer, IP, and innovation; says it will complain to WTO and look at restricting investment from China.
3/9/2018 Trump signs tariffs on imported steel and aluminum from all nations, including China.
2/4/2018 China starts a one-year anti-subsidy investigation into sorghum imported from the US
1/22/2018 US imposes safeguard tariffs on washing machine and solar cell imports. While much of these imports don’t come from China, the statement makes clear that Chinese dominance of the global supply chain was a concern.
Reference:
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